National Space Day 2025: From PSLV to Gaganyaan - India's space success
23 August 2025:
National Space Day is being celebrated with great pomp on 23 August 2025. This day is celebrated in memory of the historic landing of Chandrayaan-3 on the Moon (23 August 2023), which made India the first country in the world to set foot on the south pole of the Moon.
This year, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) showcased its achievements and future plans at the two-day event (22-23 August) held at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi. From PSLV to Gaganyaan and Indian Space Station (BAS), India's space journey is a matter of pride.
Importance of National Space Day:
On August 23, 2023, Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander and Pragyan rover made a successful landing on the south pole of the Moon. This was a symbol of India's space capability as this region was never explored before. This achievement made India the fourth country to reach the Moon after the US, Russia and China.
The 2025 ceremony was special as ISRO presented the model of the Indian Space Station (BAS) to the world for the first time. Thousands of people, especially students and youth, attended the ceremony.
Major achievements of ISRO.
ISRO has achieved many historic achievements in the last few decades. Let's look at some of these...
1. PSLV: India's trusted rocket
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is ISRO's most trusted rocket, which has completed more than 50 successful missions since 1993. It specializes in sending satellites to sun-synchronous and low Earth orbits. Its major achievements...
Chandrayaan-1 (2008): India's first lunar mission, which discovered water molecules on the moon.
Mangalyaan (2013): India's first Mars mission, which was successful in the first attempt. It was the world's cheapest Mars mission, costing Rs 450 crore.
Launch of 104 satellites (2017): PSLV created a world record by launching 108 satellites simultaneously.
Chandrayaan Mission Exploration of the Moon
Chandrayaan-1 (2008): It confirmed the presence of water on the surface of the Moon.
Chandrayaan-2 (2019): Although its lander crashed, the orbiter is still orbiting the Moon and sending important data.
Chandrayaan-3 (2023): It made India proud by landing on the south pole of the Moon. The Pragyan rover analysed the soil and rocks there.
Mangalyaan and other planetary missions
Mangalyaan made India the first country to reach Mars in the first attempt. ISRO is now preparing for Shukrayaan (study of Venus in 2025) and Chandrayaan-4 (bringing samples from the Moon in 2028).
Gaganyaan India's first manned mission.
Gaganyaan is India's first manned space mission, which will be launched in 2026. Under this, three Indian astronauts will spend 3-7 days in low Earth orbit 400 kilometers above. Its highlights...
LVM-3 rocket: India's most powerful rocket will be used to launch it.
Crew: Four Air Force pilots are training.
Indigenous technology: The cryogenic engine, heat shield and life support system in Gaganyaan are made in India.
ISRO successfully completed the Gaganyaan unmanned mission and pad abort tests in 2024, which are part of its preparation.
Indian Space Station (BAS).
ISRO unveiled the model of Indian Space Station (BAS) on National Space Day 2025. BAS-01 module will be launched in 2028. The entire station will be ready by 2035. Features...
Weight: 10 tonnes,
Height: 450 km.
Indigenous technology: Bharat Docking System, Berthing Mechanism and ECLSS (Environmental Control and Survival System).
Objective: Microgravity research, space tourism and preparation for interplanetary missions.
BAS will bring India in the league of countries like the US, Russia and China, which run their own space stations.
2025 Celebration What was special?
At the ceremony held at Bharat Mandapam on 22-23 August 2025...
BAS Model: The 3.8 m x 8 m BAS-01 model was the main attraction. It symbolizes India's space station.
Exhibitions: Models of Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan and Gaganyaan were displayed.
Students' enthusiasm: Thousands of students met ISRO scientists and understood space science.
ISRO's future plans
ISRO aims to make India a space superpower by 2047. For this, there are some major plans...
Shukrayaan (2025): Study of the surface and atmosphere of Venus.
Chandrayaan-4 (2028): Bringing samples of soil and rocks from the Moon.
BAS (2035): Space station with five modules.
Human mission to Mars: Plan to send humans to Mars after 2035.
Space tourism: India will enter the space tourism market through BAS.
Private sector: Startups like Skyroot, Agnikul Cosmos and Tata Advanced Systems are working together with ISRO.
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